Considering the problem of elastic scheduling for cloud resources and the characteristics of Ceph data storage, a cloud resource elastic scheduling strategy based on Docker container was proposed. First of all, it was pointed out that the Docker container data volumes are unable to work across different hosts, which brings difficulty to apply online migration, then the data storage method of Ceph cluster was improved. Furthermore, a resource scheduling optimization model based on the comprehensive load of nodes was established. Finally, by combining the characteristics of Ceph cluster and Docker container, the Docker Swarm orchestration was used to achieve container deployment and application online migration in consideration of both data storage and cluster load. The experimental results show that compared with some scheduling strategies, the proposed scheduling strategy achieves elastic scheduling of the cloud platform resources by making a more granular partitioning of the cluster resources, makes a reasonable utilization of the cloud platform resources and reduces the cost of data center operations under the premise of ensuring the application performance.